US High School Psychology Practice Exam

According to Atkinson-Schifferin theory, what is the duration of information in short-term memory?

1. Less than one second

2. Up to 10 seconds

3. Up to 30 seconds

4. Several minutes

The correct answer is: Up to 30 seconds

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory proposes a multi-store approach to understanding how information is processed and retained in the brain. In this model, short-term memory (also known as working memory) is characterized by a limited duration in which information can be held. Research indicates that information in short-term memory typically lasts up to about 30 seconds without rehearsal. After this time, unless the information is actively maintained through techniques like rehearsal or encoding into long-term memory, it is likely to be forgotten. This understanding underscores the importance of actively working with information to retain it. The notion that short-term memory lasts up to 30 seconds aligns with empirical research that has shown the fleeting nature of information unless reinforced through active engagement. Therefore, this time frame is crucial in distinguishing short-term memory from other memory types, highlighting its role in processes like immediate recall and decision-making.